Effect of the subdose of human chorionic gonadotropin applied in the Hou Hai acupoint on ovulation induction in mares / [Efeito da subdose de gonadotrofina coriônica humana aplicada no acuponto Hou Hai sobre a indução da ovulação em éguas]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an hCG sub dose applied at the Hou Hai acupoint on corpus luteum (CL) quality and ovulation induction in mares. Fifteen crossbred mares were distributed in randomized blocks and used in three periods with each period employed as the blocking factor in three treatments: T1 = 1500 IU of hCG via intravenous (IV); T2 = 450 IU of hCG applied at the false acupoint (IV); and T3 = 450 IU of hCG applied at the Hou Hai acupoint. Mean diameter of the CL, serum concentration of progesterone (P4), vascularization of the pre-ovulatory follicle and CL were evaluated. Females administered 450 IU of hCG at the Hou Hai acupoint exhibited greater ovulation rates (33.33%) 48h after induction; The minimum number of colored pixel (NCP) of the pre-ovulatory follicle of control females was superior (40.33) to that of mares administered 450 IU of hCG IV at the false acupoint (36.84) and similar to that of those administered hCG at the Hou Hai acupoint (39.31). Further, moderately positive correlations were found between the CL diameter and the P4 concentration on D8 (P<0.05). IV administration of 450 IU of hCG or at the Hou Hai acupoint was efficient at inducing ovulation and ensuring the quality of CL in mares.(AU)

O objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos de uma subdose de hCG aplicada no acuponto Hou Hai na qualidade do corpo lúteo (CL) e na indução da ovulação em éguas. Quinze éguas mestiças foram distribuídas em blocos ao acaso, sendo o período utilizado como fator de blocagem, em: T1 = 1500 UI de hCG por via intravenosa (IV); T2 = 450 UI de hCG aplicado no falso acuponto (IV) e T3 = 450 UI de hCG aplicada no acuponto Hou Hai. Avaliou-se diâmetro médio do CL, concentração sérica de progesterona (P4), vascularização do folículo pré-ovulatório e do CL. As fêmeas que receberam 450 UI de hCG no acuponto Hou Hai apresentaram maiores taxas de ovulação (33,33%) 48h após a indução. O número de pixels coloridos (NPC) mínimo do folículo pré-ovulatório das fêmeas do grupo controle foi superior (40,33) ao das éguas que receberam 450 UI de hCG IV no falso acuponto (36,84) e semelhante ao das éguas que receberam hCG no acuponto Hou Hai (39,31); correlações moderadamente positivas foram encontradas entre o diâmetro do CL e a concentração de P4, ambos no D8 (P <0,05). A administração IV de 450 UI de hCG ou no acuponto Hou Hai foi eficiente na indução da ovulação e na garantia da qualidade do CL nas éguas.(AU)

Comparison of two surgical approaches for Laparoscopic Ovum Pick Up in Ewes / Comparação de duas abordagens cirúrgicas para aspiração folicular laparoscópica em ovelhas

The present study had as an aim to evaluate a right lateral access as an alternative method to laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU) in sheep. Twenty-four Santa Ines ewes were randomly assigned in two groups with twelve animals each: RLD - positioned in right lateral decubitus, with 10º head-down tilt; and DD - positioned in dorsal decubitus with 35º head-down tilt. The following parameters were evaluated every 10 minutes during the procedure: total surgical time (ST), visualized follicles (VF), aspirated follicles (AF), recovered oocytes (RO), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR) and end tidal CO2 pressure (EtCO2). Pre and postoperative arterial hemogasometry parameters (PaO2, PaCO2, pH, CHCO3 and BE) were also evaluated; and serum fibrinogen levels (SFL) on postoperative period. The values of VF, AF, RO, fR, PaO2, pH, CHCO3, BE and SFL were similar between groups, although ST, HR, MAP, EtCO2 and PaCO2 were higher in LG. Regarding operative periods, PaO2 and pH were lower after surgery (PaO2: 79.1±16.4; 79.2±11.7mmHg; pH: 7.30±0.09; 7.32±0.08) in both groups when compared to preoperative (PaO2: 80.1±14.3; 83.4±10.5 mmHg; pH: 7.38±0.05; 7.39±0.05) while PaCO2 (43.6±4.6; 41.9±5.4mmHg) and CHCO3 (22.8±1.5; 22.7±3.0mmol/L) increased (PaCO2: 54.3±10.9; 46.9±6.3mmHg; CHCO3: 24.8±3.4; 24.4±2.7mmol/L) postoperative. This alternative decubitus presented is a viable procedure and did not differ in oocyte recovery rates in ewes. However, entails cardiorespiratory major alterations compared to conventional procedure, making its practical applicability limited.(AU)

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o acesso lateral direito como um método alternativo para a recuperação de oócitos por laparoscopia (LOPU) em ovelha. Vinte e quatro ovelhas Santa Inês foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos com 12 animais: grupo RLD - posicionado em decúbito lateral direito, cefalodeclive com 10º de inclinação; grupo DD - posicionado em decúbito dorsal em cefalodeclive, inclinação de 35º. Foram avaliados, a cada 10 minutos, durante o procedimento cirúrgico: tempo total da cirurgia (ST), folículos visualizados (VF), folículos aspirados (AF), oócitos recuperados (RO), pressão arterial média (MAP), frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (fR) e pressão final de CO2 (EtCO2). Também foram avaliados os parâmetros de hemogasometria arterial pré-operatória e pós-operatória (PaO2, PaCO2, pH, CHCO3 e BE), bem como os níveis séricos de fibrinogênio (SFL) no período pós-operatório. Os valores de VF, AF, RO, fR, PaO2, pH, CHCO3, BE e SFL foram semelhantes entre os grupos, embora ST, FC, MAP, EtCO2 e PaCO2 tenham sido maiores em RLD. Os parâmetros PaO2 e pH foram menores após a cirurgia (PaO2: 79,1±16,4; 79,2±11,7mmHg; pH: 7,30±0,09; 7,32±0,08) em ambos os grupos em relação ao momento pré-cirúrgico (PaO2: 80,1±14,3; 83,4±10,5mmHg; pH: 7,38±0,05; 7,39±0,05), enquanto PaCO2 (43,6±4.6; 41,9±5,4mmHg) e CHCO3 (22,8±1,5; 22,7±3.0mmol/L) aumentaram (PaCO2: 54,3±10,9; 46,9±6,3mmHg; CHCO3: 24,8±3,4; 24,4±2,7mmol/L) após a cirurgia. O decúbito lateral é uma alternativa viável para LOPU e não apresenta diferença para a taxa de recuperação oocitária em ovelhas. No entanto, promove alterações cardiorrespiratórias em comparação com o decúbito dorsal, tornando a sua aplicabilidade prática limitada.(AU)

Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography of adrenal glands in healthy adult dogs / Elastografia acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) das glândulas adrenais de cães adultos saudáveis

To describe the ARFI elastography in the evaluation of the adrenal glands in adult dogs, to evaluate the stiffness of adrenal parenchyma and to determine the qualitative and quantitative standards of the ARFI technique, which have not yet been described in veterinary medicine. Sixty adrenal glands from thirty healthy adult dogs were evaluated by B-mode and qualitative and quantitative ARFI elastography to assess the stiffness of healthy parenchyma and to determine the quality and quantity (shear velocity) standards of ARFI technique in body, cranial and caudal adrenal poles. Findings of ultrasonography evaluations were normal. Qualitative elastography showed that adrenal glands were not deformable and presented homogeneous middle-gray areas. The results of shear wave velocity were similar statically (P = 0.3087): 1) left adrenal - 1.42 m/s for cranial polar, 1.31 m/s for body region, and 1.71 m/s for caudal polar; 2) right adrenal - 1.42 m/s for cranial polar, 1.74 m/s for body region and 1.63 m/s for caudal pole. Quantitative and qualitative ARFI elastography of dogs' adrenal glands is feasible, well tolerated, easily implemented and may provide baseline data in the study of this structure to allow the use of ARFI.(AU)

Objetivou-se descrever a técnica de elastografia ARFI na avaliação das glândulas adrenais em cães adultos, visando avaliar a rigidez do parênquima adrenal saudável e determinar os padrões qualitativos e quantitativos (velocidade de cisalhamento) da técnica ARFI, ainda não descritos em medicina veterinária. Sessenta glândulas adrenais de 30 cães adultos saudáveis foram avaliadas pela ultrassonografia modo B e pela elastografia ARFI qualitativa e quantitativa para avaliar a rigidez do parênquima saudável e determinar a velocidade de cisalhamento e padrões qualitativos da ARFI no corpo, polos adrenais cranial e caudal. As características ultrassonográficas das glândulas foram normais. A elastografia qualitativa mostrou que glândulas adrenais não se apresentaram deformáveis e homogêneas (coloração cinza médio). Os resultados da velocidade de cisalhamento foram semelhantes (P = 0,3087): 1) adrenal esquerda ( 1,42m/s para polo cranial, 1,31m/s para corpo e 1,71m/s para polo caudal; 2) adrenal direita ( 1,42m/s para polo cranial, 1,74m/s para corpo e 1,63m/s para polo caudal. A elastografia quantitativa e qualitativa (ARFI) das glândulas adrenais de cães é uma ferramenta viável e facilmente implementada, podendo proporcionar valores padrão para o estudo dessa estrutura.(AU)

Levels and trends of smokeless tobacco use among youth in countries of the World Health Organization South-East Asia Region.

BACKGROUND: At least two rounds of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) have been completed in most of the countries in the World Health Organization South‑East Asia region. Comparing findings from these two rounds provides trend data on smokeless tobacco (SLT) use for the first time. METHODS: This study uses GYTS data from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Timor‑Leste during 2006–2013. GYTS is a nationally representative survey of 13–15‑year‑old students using a consistent and standard protocol. Current SLT use is defined as using any kind of SLT products, such as chewing betel quid or nonbetel quid or snuffing any other products orally or through the nasal route, during the 30 days preceding the survey. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were computed using SAS/SUDAAN software. RESULTS: According to most recent GYTS data available in each country, the prevalence of current use of SLT among youth varied from 5.7% in Thailand to 23.2% in Bhutan; among boys, from 7.1% in Bangladesh to 27.2% in Bhutan; and among girls, from 3.7% in Bangladesh to 19.8% in Bhutan. Prevalence of SLT was reported significantly higher among boys than girls in Bhutan (boys 27.2%; girls 19.8%), India (boys 11.1%; girls 6.0%), Maldives (boys 9.2%; girls 2.9%), Myanmar (boys 15.2%; girls 4.0%), and Sri Lanka (boys 13.0%; girls 4.1%). Prevalence of current SLT use increased in Bhutan from 9.4% in 2009 to 23.2% in 2013, and in Nepal from 6.1% in 2007 to 16.2% in 2011. CONCLUSION: The findings call for countries to implement corrective measures through strengthened policy and enforcement.

Bisphosphonate treatment for type III osteogenesis imperfecta in Lady Ridgeway Hospital, Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Objective: To ascertain clinical outcome following cyclical intravenous pamidronate therapy in a group of infants and young children with type III osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Design, setting and method: A prospective observational study was carried out on infants and young children referred to Ward 9 Lady Ridgeway Hospital (LRH) for assessment and treatment of OI from January 2005 to February 2007. All were treated with cyclical high dose intravenous pamidronate. Data collected included clinical history, treatment history, dose and frequency of treatment, adverse effects of the drug and outcome of treatment. Results: Thirteen patients with clinical presentations compatible with type III OI were referred to Ward 9 LRH during the study period. Ten had fractures during fetal life and three presented with fractures during infancy. Age at commencement of the drug varied from 3 weeks to 42 months (median 10 months). The patients were followed up for periods ranging from 3 to 24 months. Four out of the 13 patients developed new fractures during follow up. Conclusion: Intravenous high dose cyclical pamidronate is a useful form of therapy to prevent recurrent fractures in infants and young children with type III OI.